The DHS Program

PUBLICATIONS

JOURNAL ARTICLES

ORDER PUBLICATIONS

A Malaria Ecology Index Predicted Spatial and Temporal Variation of Malaria Burden and Efficacy of Antimalarial Interventions Based on African Serological Data
Authors:	Gordon C. McCord, Jesse K. Anttila-Hughes
Source:	American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, pii: 16-0602; doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0602.
Topic(s):	Child health Malaria
Country:	Africa Multiple African Countries
Published:	JAN 2017
Abstract:	Reducing the global health burden of malaria is complicated by weak reporting systems for infectious diseases and a paucity of vital statistics registration. This limits our ability to predict changes in malaria health burden intensity, target antimalarial resources where needed, and identify malaria impacts in retrospective data. We refined and deployed a temporally and spatially varying Malaria Ecology Index (MEI) incorporating climatological and ecological data to estimate malaria transmission strength and validate it against cross-sectional serology data from 39,875 children from seven sub-Saharan African countries. The MEI is strongly associated with malaria burden; a 1 standard deviation higher MEI is associated with a 50–117% increase in malaria risk and a 3–5 g/dL lower level of Hg. Results show that the relationship between malaria ecology and disease burden is attenuated with sufficient coverage of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). Having both ITNs and IRS reduce the added risk from adverse malaria ecology conditions by half. Readily available climate and ecology data can be used to estimate the spatial and temporal variation in malaria disease burden, providing a feasible alternative to direct surveillance. This will help target resources for malaria programs in the absence of national coverage of active case detection systems, and facilitate malaria research using retrospective health data.

SELECT dcr.* FROM Data_Custom_Render dcr, CustomElementModules cem WHERE (dcr.PageID IN (?,?,?,?)) AND dcr.VersionState=? AND (dcr.ModuleID = cem.ID OR dcr.ModuleID <= 0) ORDER BY dcr.ControlID, dcr.PageID DESC, dcr.VersionID DESC

SELECT Data_SeeAlso.ID, SubSites.SubSiteURL, SitePages.filename as pagename, XMLPublications.name as feedname, XMLPublicationFormat.name as feedformat, XMLPublications.description, CASE WHEN XMLPublicationFormat.IsSyndication = 0 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS IsSyndicationFeed FROM Data_SeeAlso, XMLPublications, XMLPublicationFormat, SitePages, SubSites WHERE Data_SeeAlso.PageID = ? AND Data_SeeAlso.Action = ? AND Data_SeeAlso.ItemID = XMLPublicationFormat.XMLPublicationFormatID AND Data_SeeAlso.TargetPageID = XMLPublications.XMLPublicationID AND XMLPublications.XMLPublicationFormatID = XMLPublicationFormat.XMLPublicationFormatID AND XMLPublications.PageID = SitePages.ID AND SitePages.SubSiteID = SubSites.ID

SELECT ac.ShortDesc AS Name, CustomRenderSupport AS SupportsCustomLayouts, CASE WHEN ac.ID <? THEN 'Standard' WHEN (ac.Name is NULL or ac.Name = '') THEN 'Saved' WHEN fcm.ClassID = 1 THEN 'Global' ELSE 'Local' END AS ElementType, CASE WHEN ac.Name = 'custom' THEN 'custom/ce' ELSE ac.ControlPrefix END AS ElementURLPrefix, CASE WHEN (ac.ID IN (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)) THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS HasFontColorProperties, CASE WHEN (ac.ID IN (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)) THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS HasLayoutProperties, 1 AS HasStyleProperties FROM AvailableControls ac LEFT OUTER JOIN FormControlMap fcm ON fcm.FormID = ac.ID WHERE ac.ID = ?

SELECT distinct(a.article_id),p.pub_id,tp.article_type_id,title,authors,article_date,article_year, vol,link,active,source,pub_name,article_type_name, abstract as abstractText FROM dhs_articles a INNER JOIN Dhs_article_pub p ON a.pub_id = p.pub_id INNER JOIN Dhs_article_type Tp ON a.article_type_id = Tp.Article_type_Id WHERE active=1 and tp.article_type_id=1 AND a.article_id =? Order By title

Application Variables: activesubsites=1,2,5,6,8,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58 adf=Struct (89) adfscheduler=Struct (0) applicationname=site1 assocpubdocs=Struct (4) blogcache=Struct (4) cachedimages=Struct (32) cacheinfocache=Struct (53) confidentiality=Array (5) controlinstance_toplevel_cache=Struct (126) covid_articlecount=10 covid_newsarticlecount=49 covid_pressreleasecount=4 covid_pubcount=3 cs_elementcache=Struct (10) cs_resourcesmissing=Struct (0) cs_rewriterulescache=Struct (21) cs_subsitecachemanager=Struct (28) customerinfo=Complex type customerscope=Struct (21) custommodulecache=Struct (21) defaultconfidentiality=2 dhspagesyncdata=Struct (1) itemsecuritycache=Struct (31) languagenames=Struct (51) languages=Struct (51) lastknownchange=Struct (18) lastupdate=Struct (14) metadatacache=Struct (4) pendingstubrequests=Struct (0) rsscache=Struct (2) search_archive_next_clean=2024-07-01 11:48:40 serverstatus=Struct (1) site=Struct (74) sitescope=Struct (9) styleids=Struct (248) stylenames=Struct (248) subsitecache=Struct (46) subsitecachebysecuritypageid=Struct (46) templatecache=Struct (28) templatedefaultsecuritycache=Struct (60) templateenforcedsecuritycache=Struct (60) treecache=Struct (25) twittercache=Struct (2) typefactory=Complex type youtubecache=Struct (3)

CGI Variables: AUTH_PASSWORD= AUTH_TYPE= AUTH_USER= CERT_COOKIE= CERT_FLAGS= CERT_ISSUER= CERT_KEYSIZE= CERT_SECRETKEYSIZE= CERT_SERIALNUMBER= CERT_SERVER_ISSUER= CERT_SERVER_SUBJECT= CERT_SUBJECT= CF_TEMPLATE_PATH=C:\inetpub\wwwroot\dhs\Publications\journal-details.cfm CONTENT_LENGTH=0 CONTENT_TYPE= CONTEXT_PATH= GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1 HTTPS=off HTTPS_KEYSIZE= HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE= HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER= HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT= HTTP_ACCEPT=*/* HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING=gzip, br, zstd, deflate HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE= HTTP_CONNECTION= HTTP_COOKIE= HTTP_HOST=preview.dhsprogram.com HTTP_REFERER= HTTP_URL=/Publications/journal-details.cfm?C_id=0&P_ID=0&T_ID=0&article_id=2476&r_id=0 HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) LOCAL_ADDR=10.0.0.111 PATH_INFO= PATH_TRANSLATED=C:\inetpub\wwwroot\dhs\Publications\journal-details.cfm QUERY_STRING=C_id=0&P_ID=0&T_ID=0&article_id=2476&r_id=0 REMOTE_ADDR=10.0.0.149 REMOTE_HOST=10.0.0.149 REMOTE_USER= REQUEST_METHOD=GET SCRIPT_NAME=/Publications/journal-details.cfm SERVER_NAME=preview.dhsprogram.com SERVER_PORT=80 SERVER_PORT_SECURE=0 SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.1 SERVER_SOFTWARE=Microsoft-IIS/10.0 WEB_SERVER_API=

Request Parameters: anonnoreadelements= applockname=CS_App_Site1_1 archiveemail=archive@dhsprogram.com assetsdir=/assets/ author_approve_whereclause=(VersionState = 2) authormode=0 authorok=1 blupfront= browser=Struct (13) browserallincluded=1 cachefilesused=22 cachestatus=Complex type cfflushcount=0 cgivars=Struct (49) cloudfrontkeypairid=K3LSHNFSZFMIUC cloudfronturl=d1vyaiefsqy4pf constants=Complex type cors.isCorsRequest=NO cp=Struct (123) cs_includedobjects=nwjs cs_init_timings=Struct (23) cs_isdashboardcmd=0 cs_request_start_memory=1379570176 cs_runningdashboardcmdcode=0 csrftoken=C8874ADCD49AA573CAAB206B5762A31D16BB287F ctrl_data=Struct (64) customcf_data=Struct (2) customcfupfront=Query (1) customerinfo=Complex type customhead=1 customrenderhandlerpairs= customsearch=Struct (11) dbdsn=measure_db debugstate=Struct (1) dhspagesyncdata=Struct (1) dhtmlmenuitemsprefetch= disablehideformenus=0 dsource=dhs_legacy_live editmode=0 element=Struct (42) elementrundetail=Struct (1) elementsrun=1 environment=Struct (5) finalreportids=5,26,21,10,18,30,39 finalreportna=139,315,445,488,107,138,459,518 formattedtimestamp=2024-06-30 23:18:25 getghost= hivbold=1,3,8,9 imageupfront= imgdir=/images/ includerootdir=/ initialsiteid=1 initticks=1719789505820 jswarnmessage= linkdataupfront_itempos= linkdataupfront_itemtitle= lockid=0 mainpage=Struct (84) master_cfm_used=1 maxperms=Complex type modeorderbyclause=VersionID Desc modewhereclause=(VersionState = 2) modewhereclause_page=(VersionState = 2) multisectionupfront= noauthorreason= nocacheelementtypes= nocacheheaderincluded=1 nondashboardincludedone=1 obcountires=EG,ZM package=Struct (0) page=Struct (84) pagedata=Struct (1) pagedhtmlitems= pagedhtmlmenus= pageperms=Complex type pagesync=Struct (4) params=Struct (9) params_formfields= params_urlfields=P_ID,article_id,r_id,T_ID,C_id previewmode=0 readmodewhereclause=(VersionState = 2) renderedelements=Struct (0) renderelementdata=Struct (0) renderfordiff=0 renderforprint=0 renderstate=Struct (73) req_cam_callcount=1 req_inittimestamp=2024-06-30 23:18:25.820 req_sequenceid=31488 req_startticks=1719789505820 rootdir=/ rootpath= rooturldatasetadmin=https://preview.dhsprogram.com/data/dataset_admin samesite_value= scheduleupfront= serverdatasource=commonspot-sites sessionlockname=Session_1_6480F190314B86C819D2CF4BA50B69E3.cfusion sessionstring=1_6480F190314B86C819D2CF4BA50B69E3.cfusion sicupfront= sicupfrontparam= site=Struct (74) siteid=1 standardrenderhandlers= styleids=Struct (248) stylenames=Struct (248) subsite=Struct (0) subsitecache=Struct (46) subsitecachebysecuritypageid=Struct (46) subsiteid=2 taiupfrontparam= tbupfront= tbupfrontparam= templatecachestatus=Struct (0) templaterootdir=/ timestamp={ts '2024-06-30 23:18:25'} trustcachestatus=1 typefactory=Complex type udslockname=CS_Customer_commonspot-users updatingschemas=0 user=Struct (30) usersdatasource=commonspot-users wanterrorsrethrown=0 warnmessage= xmlbrowser=Struct (13)

Session Variables: _csrf_token=C8874ADCD49AA573CAAB206B5762A31D16BB287F adf=Struct (0) authormode=0 contributemode=read currentpageid=9706 debugmode=0 debugstate=Struct (1) editmode=0 environment=Struct (5) hasusertempfiles=0 language=Struct (216) lastupdate=Struct (2) lastuserupdate=1719789505820 lockid=0 lockobjectid=0 lockobjecttype= locktype= logintime= ownedobjecttypes= pendingapprovalpages= pendingapprovals= previewmode=0 requestedversioncounter= requestedversiontimestamp= sessionid=6480F190314B86C819D2CF4BA50B69E3.cfusion sessionstring=1_6480F190314B86C819D2CF4BA50B69E3.cfusion urltoken=CFID=2162273&CFTOKEN=f7bf7121a67a3986-326CC738-CC69-7DB9-195A24E8B716003A&jsessionid=6480F190314B86C819D2CF4BA50B69E3.cfusion usagelist= user=Struct (30) xmlbrowser=Struct (13) xmlenvironment=Struct (5)

WHO WE ARE

Countries

Methodology

RESEARCH

DATA

PUBLICATIONS

TOPICS